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Robert Livingston the Elder
Robert Livingston the Elder (December 13, 1654 – October 1, 1728) was a New York colonial official, fur trader, and businessman; he was granted a patent to 160,000 acres (650 km²/ 250 sq mi) along the Hudson River, and became the first lord of Livingston Manor.
He married Alida Schuyler (widow of Nicholas Van Rensselaer) in 1679. They had nine children together, including Philip, Robert and Gilbert. He was also uncle of Robert Livingston the Younger, grandfather of Philip Livingston and William Livingston.
==Early life==
He was born in 1654 in the village of Ancrum, near Jedburgh, in the County of Roxburgh, Scotland, one of seven children of the Reverend John Livingston. He and his father were lineal descendants of the fourth Lord Livingston, ancestor of the earls of Linlithgow and Callendar, and a minister of the Church of Scotland. John Livingston was sent into exile in 1663 due to his resistance to attempts to turn the Presbyterian national church into an Episcopalian institution. The exiled family settled in Rotterdam, in the Dutch Republic, where English merchants also worked. Robert became fluent in the Dutch language, which helped him greatly in his later career in New York and New Jersey, part of the former Dutch colony of New Netherland.〔(Bielinski, Stefan. "Robert Livingston", New York State Museum )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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